San Teodoro
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San Teodoro climateSan Teodoro, an ancient town
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The population of San Teodoro is very ancient and, the history shows us many different archaeological aspects
with a lot of old houses all around the territory.
This portion of gallurian region was occupied since the ancient past thanks to particular good aspects like a
wonderful climate, geographic position (close to the sea and near the most important towns like old Terranoa, now
Olbia). First traces belongs to Neolithic period (2000-1500 ac).
During first part of 20th century a lot of ancient houses like "facies dolmenica" were found in Aresula territory.
Some other old ancient houses belonged to hunters inhabitants were discovered in "lu tacconi" and "foca manna".
In the territory of Ottiolu and Nuracheddu were found different old traces of Nuraghi, typical ancient houses of this period.
In 384 a.c. Romans beat Carthageans and conquered Sardinia in order to become the real dominators of the island.
In 259 a.c. Lucio Cornelio Scipione went to Sardinia on the north east coast close to Olbia and
after having destroyed first old Sardinian populations, he conquered all Sardinia.
The enterprise was not easy for the courageous resistance of the ancient Sardinian tribes who contrasted with
every energy the roman occupation. In the 215 a.C. Consul T. Manlio Torquato beat in Cornus the
army of Ampsicora, allied of the Carthageans , but the war of the mountain populations still continued for many
years until the 111 a.C. when Mark Cecilio Metello had reason of the last rioters and the conquer
of the island did not find more obstacles. Were opened roads, ports and built monuments, built aqueducts,
cultivated the campaigns that were populated.
Laughed them to the roman age the demic center of "Coclearia", that it rose in puts into effect
them situated in San Teodoro.
During roman period were traced most of the modern roads like SS 125, the famous East side road.
The "city" of Coclearia, that it had a its port in a bay today called Niulòni. This city had a great
importance during imperial period, as they testify the numerous traces of amphoras, grinders, coins and rests of
constructions. Others important very interesting traces were found in the sea that bathes the territory of San Teodoro.
Not far from San Teodoro, in the island of Molara, there were exiliated Pope Ponziano
(235 d.C.) and Ippolito priest and for this reason we could think that others populations, those that
inhabited the territory of San Teodoro, were the first who came in contact with the Christianity.
After the fall of the roman empire of the West also old provinces knew barbaric invasions: in 455 Vandals,
after having destroyed Rome, invaded Sardinia and they hold it under their feracious dominion until the 553, when they
were beaten by general Belisario and the island passed under the roman empire control.
San Teodoro, or better the center that then rose on this situated one, as demonstrates also the traces the
Christian Church of East, was an important economic center.
In 1962, during the building of an house near via Sardegna, a seal was found again as trace of Byzantine
emperor. In the middle age period when the roman city rose up and the demic center byzantine came occupied
from Offollè, important center of the Curatoria di Orfili, and perhaps same
center of curatoria, in the Sentence of Gallura.
Traces of the period were found on the land and wide documented through the memory of our grandfathers, beyond that
in the Chorographia of Fara (1595) and, later on, in the Route of the Marmora,
and in the Dictionary of the Casalis-Angius, from the Pais etc.. As it is famous,
the 4 judges (like old Italian republics) formed in Sardinia around to the IX sec. particular
special political small regions.
In this period it was emphasized the separation from Bisanzio that, as a result of the Arabic incursions, could not
guarantee more the protection of the Island. The sentence of Gallura, which had San Teodoro
(Offollè, Ovodè and then Oviddè) became very important under the geographic presence of
Olbia.
The Sentence entered very soon in the Pisan orbit: at first in 1200 Elena di Gallura,
in spite of the fair opposition of Pope Innocenzo III, married Lamberto Visconti;
the Self-confident son in 1238 leaves the Sentence to his cousins Giovanni Visconti, to which in 1275
Nin judge succeeded Nino ("gentil"), remembered from Dante.
At the death of Nino in the 1296 Sentence was confiscated from the Common of Pisa. At the period the pisan
road ("Uttaru can be ascribed pisanu") that from the pressed ones of the castle of Pedres it carried
to the sour one of Saint Teodoro, close to the pond, passed along stratums the northern Almuttu Mount.
In 1323 Aragones conquered the Island and the occupation was completed in 1400.
In 1479, when Ferdinand married the Catholic Isabella and unified the several
reigns of the old Iberian, Spain became only one reign and Sardinia became Spanish.
There were difficult years where a lot of old town were abandoned; the plagues destroyed Sardinian population and
incursions of Saracens, pestilences and malaria then left Gallura region depopulated. The last
news on Offollè (Oviddè, San Teodoro) were found in 1348.
The Sardinian historian Gian Francisco Fara described in 1595 the territory of San Teodoro.
Traces of a return to the life will be had to the end of 1600, with the first rural takeovers of the tonnages.
Around to the church of campaign dedicated to San Teodoro and, as it turns out from some papers, little before 1647,
revived the first nucleus of Oviddè - San Teodoro.
In 1720, as a result of the treaty of London of 1718, the Sardinia passed to the Savoia.
Between 1837 and 1839 it was abolished the feudal reign and rules, and Oviddè, given to Posada,
became a principal economic point south of Olbia.
In the first decades of the 1900's San Teodoro claimed its autonomy from Posada but only in 1959 became a self
municipality.
In 1927, during fascist age, San Teodoro was torn from Gallurian region and it was included in the Province
of Nuoro.
In 2006 San Teodoro passed under the new Province Olbia-Tempio.
Book and news kindly confirmed by the Prof. Salvatore Brandanu.
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